Neither has been tested in humans, and both operate through mechanisms fundamentally different from established nootropic peptides like Semax and Selank
Three approved maintenance doses: 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg
A 1980 paper in Nature proposed that GHK functions by facilitating copper uptake into cells [4]
GHK-Cu GHK-Cu (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-copper), aka copper peptide, is found in human bodily fluids (blood, urine, saliva, etc.), and its levels appear to decline with age [15]
Its research profile makes it especially relevant for studies focused on appetite pathway models, energy-balance signaling, neurotransmitter transport, metabolic adaptation, and CNS-driven behavioral pathway research