Ultrasound studies have shown presence of MSU deposits in asymptomatic hyperuricemic patients who never experienced gout arthritis.[32 33] MSU crystals have been identified in previously uninvolved joints during the inter-critical stage of gout.[34] Emerging data allude to the possibility of agonistic effect of nicotine on macrophage immune function via alpha 7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (7 nAChR), a major exogenous ligand for nicotine.[35 36] One experimental study using lipopolysaccharide-primed peritoneal mouse and human macrophages showed that 7 nAChRs-signaling inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial DNA release.[37] Hence, in addition to urate-lowering, we propose that the risk reduction by cigarette smoking may also be mediated by the suppression of the intense inflammatory response to MSU
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"E-cigarette And Vape Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Disposable, Rechargeable), By Component (Vape Mod, E-liquid), By Distribution Channel, And Segment Forecasts, 2020 - 2027." February 2020
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