Currently, an ongoing phase III, multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial is evaluating AT-04s efficacy and safety for endometriosis-related pain (dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain), with the primary outcome being the change in Numeric Rating Scale score at 16 weeks ( 4.5 Disease heterogeneity and subtype-specific therapeutic strategies Endometriosis exhibits significant clinical and biological heterogeneity, encompassing diverse anatomical subtypessuperficial peritoneal endometriosis (SPE), ovarian endometriomas (OMA), and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE)each with distinct pathophysiological features, symptom profiles, and fertility implications ( Table 1 )

In addition, small molecule inhibitors including SLC7A11 inhibitor HG106 and GCLC inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) were introduced to investigate their effects on ROS, GSH levels and cellular viability in VRK2-KO and VRK2-KD cells, and the results were consistent with the above knockdown experiment (Fig
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4a, excessive accumulation of ROS triggers KEAP1 activation and enables KEAP1 to interact with PGAM5
Amino Acids 25 , 207218 (2003)