Given that a substantial portion of proteins are secreted or transported from the ER to other organelles, maintaining ER function is crucial for proper protein secretion [74]
doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2024.116162 157
Furthermore, too much ROS inside cells can harm proteins, lipids, and DNA
The physiologically active forms of vitamin B12 include methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin, whereas hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12a, OHCbl) and cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) are storage and delivery forms
Beyond that landmark study, the evidence base includes research showing GHK-Cu enlarges hair follicle size, extends the anagen (active growth) phase, stimulates dermal papilla cells (the cells that control follicle activity), promotes angiogenesis (blood vessel growth) to the scalp, and reduces the DHT-related inflammation that causes follicle miniaturization in androgenetic alopecia