Hibiscus-cisplatin combination treatment decreases liver toxicity in rats while increasing toxicity in lung cancer cells via oxidative stress-apoptosis pathway
Questionnaire design and interviewing were conducted by Abt SRBI of New York
1 Introduction Caffeine, one of the most widely consumed pharmacologically active ingredients in the world, is the main component of coffee and tea ( The chemical structure of caffeine contains a purine ring, which chemically resembles adenosine and is a natural non-selective receptor antagonist of adenosine (Figure 1) ( in vitro model of alcoholic liver fibrosis, and the results implicated the cAMP/PKA/SRC/ERK1/2/P38 MAPK signaling pathway as playing a key role, confirming the involvement of the adenosine signaling pathway in alcoholic liver fibrosis ( FIGURE 1 Recently, there are increasing reports that regular oral coffee is associated with reduced risk of various liver diseases ( 2 Adenosine signaling in the liver Caffeine is structurally similar to adenosine and is a non-selective adenosine receptor (AR) inhibitor that competently inhibits adenosine both in vitro and in vivo (Figures 2, 3
It is also a tripeptide and is the primary regulator of cellular redox states
Song LM, Xiao ZX, Zhang N, Yu XQ, Cui W, Xie JX, et al