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Acute L-Carnitine addition may affect carrier availability during the assay window, while chronic carnitine depletion or controlled experimental L-Carnitine exposure may alter transporter abundance, mitochondrial adaptation, acyl-CoA buffering, or substrate preference

The influence of CTGF single-nucleotide polymorphisms on outcomes in Crohn's disease

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However, erythrocytes of newborns are resistant to various triggers of eryptosis, but they are highly susceptible to oxidative stress and eryptosis, so after birth, replacement of fetal hemoglobin with adult hemoglobin is functionally essential [212]

This phenomenon is primarily mediated through pathways, including the mitochondrial pathway (Rahmani et al., 2023), and the death receptor pathway (Pistritto et al., 2016)