The absorbance of D-CuP and M-CuP solutions at 584 nm was measured using a UVVis spectrophotometer
At this stage, you have a "pre-emulsion." The ingredients are mixed, but they are not yet fully encapsulated into liposomes
Mechanisms of action of Ginkgo biloba compounds include free radical scavenging for antioxidant activity, antagonistic effects on platelet-activating factor, vasodilation, and an overall reduction in blood viscosity [183,187]
Zan Y, Kuai CX, Qiu ZX, et al
Summary: Alpha lipoic acid and CoQ10 are naturally occurring compounds that support mitochondrial energy production and antioxidant defence, available as food supplements in the UK, though robust evidence for synergistic benefits when combined is limited