The antioxidant mechanisms of GHK-Cu involve both direct and indirect pathways that work synergistically to protect cells from oxidative damage
GHK-Cu modulates over 4,000 human genes
the multifunctional growth factor hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Met are important mediators for mitogenesis, motogenesis, and morphogenesis in a wide range of cell types (Birchmeier et al., 2003) including epithelial (Kakazu et al., 2004), endothelial (Kanda et al., 2006), and hematopoietic cells (Ratajczak et al., 1997), neurons (Thompson et al., 2004), melanocytes (Halaban et al., 1992), and hepatocytes (Borowiak et al., 2004)
Byrne JJ, Soh MS, Chandhok G, Vijayaraghavan T, Teoh JS, Crawford S, Cobham AE, Yapa NMB, Mirth CK, Neumann B (2019) Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics affects behaviour and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
A check for IF antibodies, homocysteine and MMA in the urine can thus indicate whether the high values of B12 have been mistakenly produced
