BPC-157 is also not a specifically named substance on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List, although athletes should never assume that absence from a named list equals clearance, since broad catch-all categories can apply
Specific clinical scenarios where injections are the standard of care include pernicious anemia, severe malabsorption syndromes, post-bariatric surgery when oral supplementation has failed, and critically low serum B12 levels accompanied by neurological deterioration
On the other hand, the inverse association of riboflavin with plasma homocysteine levels can also be attributed to riboflavins interaction with methyltetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), another peculiar flavoprotein involved in follicular activity, embryo quality and pregnancy success 90,91,92
10.1034/j.1601-183X.2003.00037.x 14
Recent research, however, indicates aberrant pharmacokinetics and the development of anti-PEG antibodies, which might restrict its long-term application [41]
