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Previous studies suggest that GCL is localized to the chloroplasts and GS is localized both to chloroplasts and cytosol in plant cells (Hell and Bergmann, Arabidopsis suggests that GCL and GS are each encoded by a single gene with alternate transcription start sites leading to either plastid-targeted or cytosolic protein (Wachter et al., Arabidopsis leaf tissue shows that GCL is localized to the chloroplast and that GS is found within chloroplasts and the cytosol (Figure 2)

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Furthermore, addition of exogenous GSSG also increased PhoA activity in the WT, contrary to what we observed with roGFP2, suggesting that the role of periplasmic glutathione in oxidative folding differs, depending on the protein in question (Fig