Holton [email protected] This article was submitted to Mood Disorders, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers
There are many different symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency, but not all of them are visible or easily detectable
While, again, more research needs to be conducted, it offers hope of new developments to come
Animal models show gastrointestinal protection, but systemic absorption data in humans remain insufficient
A key limitation in the field is that only blood and faecal samples are available, and, as discussed above, the current biomarkers for intestinal permeability are not reliable enough to answer this question