Smokeless tobacco is consumed as raw leaves (local names such as khaini, misri, gutka, zarda, toombak ) or dissolvable forms (lozenges, sticks, strips) [3, 16], often containing additives such as areca nut, betel quid, catechu, slaked lime, ash, sodium bicarbonate, as well as flavouring agents such as menthol and plant oils
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Enhanced production of aromatic amino acids in tobacco plants leads to increased phenylpropanoid metabolites and tolerance to stresses
Trade cards displayed the merchants name, location, and services, reflecting 18th- and early 19th-century retail practices and marketing in the tobacco trade
Smoking is significantly associated with increased risk of COVID-19 and other respiratory infections